Electrostatic acting device

ABSTRACT

An electrostatic acting device in which leakage of charge from an electret film is suppressed. The electrostatic acting device comprises a movable electrode section ( 20 ) having a movable electrode ( 22 ) and a fixed electrode section ( 10 ) having an electret film ( 12 ) opposed to the movable electrode section ( 20 ) at a predetermined distance and capable of storing charge and a conductive layer ( 13 ) formed on a predetermined region on the upper surface of the electret film ( 12 ). The conductive layer ( 13 ) is formed on the surface of a region of the electret film ( 12 ), and the region is projected.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to an electrostatic acting device, and more particularly, it relates to an electrostatic acting device comprising an electret film.

BACKGROUND ART

An electrostatic power generator and an electrostatic actuator each comprising an electret film are disclosed in Japanese Patent Laying-Open Nos. 2006-180450 and 4-112683 respectively, in general.

This electrostatic power generator disclosed in Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2006-180450 is constituted by two substrates provided to be opposed to each other at a prescribed distance therebetween. A plurality of strip-shaped electrodes are formed on a surface, opposed to the second substrate, of the first substrate. A plurality of strip-shaped conductive layers are formed on a surface, opposed to the first substrate, of the second substrate, and an electret film made of a charge holding material is formed on surfaces of this conductive layers. In this electrostatic power generator, at least one of the two substrates repeatedly vibrates by receiving inertial force, whereby charges induced in the electrodes opposed to the electret film are changed due to charges stored in the electret film and hence the changed charges are output as a current.

The electrostatic actuator disclosed in Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 4-112683 is constituted by a stator including a plurality of electrodes and a vibrator including a substrate made of Teflon (registered trademark). A prescribed region of this substrate made of Teflon (registered trademark) is partially made as an electret by corona discharge. More specifically, one region, made as the electret, of the substrate made of Teflon (registered trademark) is in the form of a strip and a plurality of strip-shaped regions made as the electrets are formed on the substrate at constant intervals. The plurality of electrodes included in the stator and the plurality of regions, made as the electrets, of the substrate made of Teflon (registered trademark) are arranged to be opposed to each other, and the potentials of these plurality of electrodes are changed (a positive voltage, 0 and a negative voltage), whereby the vibrator including the substrate made of Teflon (registered trademark) is moved in a horizontal direction with respect to the opposed stator.

In the electrostatic power generator disclosed in Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2006-180450, however, the electret film made of the charge holding material is formed in the form of a strip and there is a problem that charges flow out of the ends of the strip-shaped electret film. Thus, the quantity of charges stored in the electret film is reduced, and hence the quantity of power generated in the electrostatic power generator is reduced.

In the electrostatic actuator disclosed in Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 4-112683, there is a problem that charges flow out of the plurality of regions, made as the electrets, of the substrate made of Teflon (registered trademark) to regions not made as the electrets. Thus, difference between the potential of each region not made as the electret and the potential of each region made as the electret is reduced, and hence a moving operation and a stop operation of the vibrator are slowly switched. This substrate of Teflon (registered trademark) partially made as the electret which is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 4-112683 is conceivably employed as the second substrate of the electrostatic power generator disclosed in Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2006-180450. In this case, however, difference between the potential of each region made as the electret and the potential of each region not made as the electret is reduced, whereby the changed quantity of charges induced in the electrodes opposed to the substrate made of Teflon (registered trademark) is reduced and hence the quantity of power generated in the electrostatic power generator is reduced.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

The present invention has been proposed to solve the aforementioned problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an electrostatic acting device in which flow out of charges from an electret film can be suppressed.

An electrostatic acting device according to a first aspect of the present invention comprises a first electrode section including a first electrode, and a second electrode section provided to be opposed to the first electrode section at a prescribed distance and including an electret film capable of storing charges and a first conductive layer formed on a prescribed region of an upper surface of the electret film, wherein a surface of the electret film on a region formed with the first conductive layer is convexed.

In this electrostatic acting device according to the first aspect, as hereinabove described, the first conductive layer is formed on the prescribed region of the upper surface of the electret film capable of storing charges, whereby when the first conductive layer is grounded or a prescribed voltage is applied to the first conductive layer, for example, the first conductive layer has a function of blocking an electric field resulting from charges stored in the electret film, and hence in the surface, opposed to the first electrode section, of the second electrode section, an electric field of a region where the first conductive layer is formed is rendered smaller while an electric field of a region where the electret film is exposed is rendered larger. In a case of employing an electrostatic power generator as the electrostatic acting device, at least one of the first electrode section and the second electrode section repeatedly vibrates by receiving inertial force, whereby the region having a large electric field and the region having a small electric field exists on the surface of the second electrode section, and hence the quantity of charges induced in the first electrode opposed to the electret film is changed. Thus, the changed quantity of the charges induced in the first electrode can be outputted as a current. In a case of employing an electrostatic actuator as the electrostatic acting device, a signal (voltage) is applied to the first electrode section, whereby the second electrode section can be moved by Coulomb force acting between the first electrode section and the electret film included in the second electrode section.

Thus, the region having a large electric field and the region having a small electric field can be produced on the surface of the second electrode section without working (pattering) the electret film interdigitally, for example, and hence charges flowing out of ends of the electret film can be reduced as compared with the case of working the electret film. Consequently, the quantity of power generation can be inhibited from reduction in the case of employing the electrostatic power generator as the electrostatic acting device.

Further, in the case of employing the electrostatic actuator as the electrostatic acting device, a voltage applied to the first electrode section can be reduced as compared with a case where the electret film is worked, and hence power consumption of the electrostatic actuator can be reduced. When charges are entirely distributed on the surface of the electret film, charges do not flow out of a region made as an electret to a region not made as the electret, as in a film locally made as the electret. Thus, difference between a potential of the region made as the electret and a potential of the region not made as the electret is not reduced. Thus, in the case of employing the electrostatic power generator as the electrostatic acting device, the changed quantity of charges induced in the first electrode opposed to the electret film can be inhibited from reduction and hence the quantity of power generation can be inhibited from reduction. In the case of employing the electrostatic actuator as the electrostatic acting device, a voltage applied to the first electrode section can be reduced as compared with a case of employing the film locally made as the electret, and hence power consumption of the electrostatic actuator can be reduced.

In the film locally made as the electret, the first conductive layer is arranged on the surface of the region not made as the electret, whereby the first conductive layer arranged on the surface of the region not made as the electret can block an electric field resulting from charges flowing to the region not made as the electret also when charges move from the region made as the electret to the region not made as the electret, and hence change of an electric field on a boundary between the region made as the electret and the region not made as the electret can be inhibited from becoming gentle.

The surface of the electret film on the region formed with the first conductive layer is convexed, whereby a concave portion of the surface of the electret film storing charges and the first conductive layer are separated by a convex portion of the electret film, and hence charges can be inhibited from flowing out of the electret film to the first conductive layer. Thus, the quantity of power generation can be inhibited from reduction in the case of employing the electrostatic power generator as the electrostatic acting device. In the case of employing the electrostatic actuator as the electrostatic acting device, power consumption of the electrostatic actuator can be further reduced.

In the aforementioned electrostatic acting device according to the first aspect, the first conductive layer and a convex portion of the surface of the electret film are preferably formed in the same shape in plan view. According to this structure, the first conductive layer and the convex portion of the surface of the electret film can be easily simultaneously worked.

The aforementioned electrostatic acting device according to the first aspect preferably further comprises a first insulating film formed on a surface, opposed to the first electrode, of the electret film, and inhibiting charges from flowing out of the surface of the electret film. According to this structure, the first insulating film can inhibit charges from flowing out of the surface, on which the first conductive layer is not formed, of the electret film, and hence the quantity of power generation can be more effectively inhibited from reduction in the case of employing the electrostatic power generator as the electrostatic acting device. In the case of employing the electrostatic actuator as the electrostatic acting device, power consumption of the electrostatic actuator can be further reduced.

In this case, the first insulating film is formed also on side surfaces of the convex portion of the electret film. According to this structure, charges can be more inhibited from flowing out of the electret film as compared with a case where the first insulating film is not formed on the side surfaces of the convex portion of the electret film.

In the aforementioned electrostatic acting device according to the first aspect, the first electrode preferably includes a plurality of first electrode portions provided at a first interval, and a width of the first conductive layer is larger than the first interval between the first electrode portions which are adjacent to each other. According to this structure, the first conductive layer formed on the electret film can be inhibited from penetrating between the adjacent first electrodes, and hence the first electrode and the electret film can be inhibited from sticking to each other. Thus, charges induced in the first electrode can be inhibited from reduction due to contact between the first electrode and the electret film. According to the aforementioned structure, the electret film can be inhibited from breakage due to the contact between the first electrode and the electret film.

In the aforementioned electrostatic acting device according to the first aspect, the first electrode section preferably further includes a first substrate having a surface formed with the first electrode, and a height from a surface of a concave portion of the electret film to a surface of the first conductive layer on a side of the first electrode is preferably larger than a thickness of the first electrode formed on the first substrate. According to this structure, the convex portion of the electret film and the first conductive layer function as a spacer, and hence the first electrode and the electret film can be inhibited from sticking to each other. Thus, charges induced in the first electrode can be inhibited from reduction due to contact between the first electrode and the electret film. According to the aforementioned structure, the electret film can be inhibited from breakage due to contact between the first electrode and the electret film.

In the aforementioned electrostatic acting device according to the first aspect, the first electrode section preferably further includes a first substrate having a surface formed with the first electrode, and a thickness of the first conductive layer formed on the electret film is preferably larger than a thickness of the first electrode formed on the first substrate. According to this structure, the first electrode and the electret film can be further inhibited from sticking to each other dissimilarly to a case where a height from the surface of the concave portion of the electret film to the surface of the first conductive layer on a side of the first electrode is larger than the thickness of the first electrode formed on the first substrate.

In the aforementioned electrostatic acting device according to the first aspect, the first electrode section preferably further includes a first substrate having a surface formed with the first electrode, and a second insulating film is preferably formed between the first substrate and the first electrode. According to this structure, the first electrode and the first substrate are separated from each other, and hence the first substrate can be formed by a conductor

In this case, the second insulating film may be so formed as to cover a surface of the first substrate.

In the aforementioned electrostatic acting device where the second insulating film is formed between the first substrate and the first electrode, the second insulating film may be formed to have the same shape as the first electrode in plan view.

In the aforementioned electrostatic acting device according to the first aspect, the first conductive layer is preferably grounded. According to this structure, a potential of the first conductive layer is fixed and hence an intensity of an electric field on the surface of the electret film can be stabilized.

In the aforementioned electrostatic acting device according to the first aspect, a prescribed voltage is preferably applied to the first conductive layer. According to this structure, a voltage reverse in positive and negative to a surface potential of the electret film is applied to a potential of the first conductive layer, whereby an intensity of an electric field on the surface of the electret film can be easily increased.

In the aforementioned electrostatic acting device according to the first aspect, a third insulating film is preferably formed between a convex portion of the surface of the electret film and the first conductive layer. According to this structure, the electret film and the first conductive layer are separated by the third insulating film, and hence charges can be further inhibited from flowing out of the electret film to the first conductive layer.

In the aforementioned electrostatic acting device according to the first aspect, the second electrode section preferably includes a conductive second substrate having a surface formed with the electret film. According to this structure, the first electrode and the second substrate are connected to each other, whereby electrostatic induction can be easily generated between the first electrode and the second substrate.

In this case, the first electrode and the second substrate are preferably connected to each other through a bridge rectifier circuit. According to this structure, the changed quantity of charges stored in the first electrode can be easily extracted as a current by the bridge rectifier circuit.

In the aforementioned electrostatic acting device according to the first aspect, the electret film preferably includes a first electret film and a second electret film formed on a surface of the first electret film. According to this structure, the first electret film is employed as a portion storing charges, for example, and the first electret film is formed by thermal oxidation, whereby the electret film suitable for storing charges can be easily formed. The second electret film is formed by plasma CVD, whereby a formation rate of the electret film can be increased. Thus, the electret film suitable for storing charges and having a high formation rate can be formed.

In the aforementioned electrostatic acting device according to the first aspect, the second electrode section preferably includes an insulating third substrate having a surface formed with the electret film, and a second conductive layer formed between the third substrate and the electret film. According to this structure, the first electrode and the second conductive layer are connected to each other, whereby electrostatic induction can be easily generated between the first electrode and the second conductive layer.

In this case, the second conductive layer may be so formed as to cover a surface of the third substrate.

In the aforementioned electrostatic acting device where the second electrode section includes the third substrate and the second conductive layer, the second conductive layer may be formed to have the same shape as the first conductive layer in plan view.

In the aforementioned electrostatic acting device where the second electrode section includes the third substrate and the second conductive layer, the first electrode and the second conductive layer are preferably connected to each other through a bridge rectifier circuit. According to this structure, the changed quantity of charges stored in the first electrode can be easily extracted as a current by the bridge rectifier circuit.

An electrostatic power generator according to a second aspect of the present invention comprises a first electrode section including a first electrode and a second electrode section provided to be opposed to the first electrode section at a prescribed distance and including an electret film capable of storing charges and a first conductive layer formed on a prescribed region of an upper surface of the electret film.

In this electrostatic acting device according to the second aspect, as hereinabove described, the first conductive layer is formed on a prescribed region of an upper surface of the electret film, whereby an electric field resulting from charges stored in the electret film is blocked by the first conductive layer, and hence an intensity of an electric field on the surface of the electret film can be increased/reduced. Thus, a cross-sectional surface of the electret film does not enlarge dissimilarly to a case where the electret film is worked interdigitally or oblongly, for example, and hence charges can be inhibited from flowing out of the electret film.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 A sectional view of an electrostatic power generator according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 A sectional view taken along the line 100-100 in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 A sectional view taken along the line 200-200 in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 A diagram schematically showing surface potentials of fixed electrode sections of electrostatic power generators according to the first embodiment of the present invention and comparative example 1.

FIG. 5 A sectional view for illustrating a power generating operation of the electrostatic power generator according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 6 A sectional view of an electrostatic power generator according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 7 A sectional view of an electrostatic power generator according to a third embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 A sectional view of an electrostatic power generator according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 9 A sectional view of an electrostatic power generator according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 10 A sectional view taken along the line 300-300 in FIG. 9.

FIG. 11 A sectional view of an electrostatic power generator according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 12 A sectional view of a sample of an experiment conducted for measuring a surface potential of an interdigital electret film formed on a silicon substrate.

FIG. 13 A sectional view of a sample of an experiment conducted for measuring a potential of a surface of an electret film in a case where an interdigital conductive layer is formed on an electret film.

FIG. 14 A diagram showing the relation between widths of teeth forming the interdigital conductive layers, thicknesses of convex portions of surfaces of electret films and potentials of surfaces of electret films.

FIG. 15 A diagram showing changes in the surface potentials of the electret films with time.

FIG. 16 A diagram showing changes in the surface potentials of the electret films with time.

FIG. 17 A sectional view of a sample of an experiment conducted for measuring a potential of a surface of an electret film in a case where no projecting portion is provided on the surface of the electret film.

FIG. 18 A sectional view of a sample of an experiment conducted for measuring change in a potential of a surface of an electret film in a case where projecting portions are provided on the surface of the electret film.

FIG. 19 A sectional view of a sample of an experiment conducted for measuring change in a potential of a surface of an electret film in a case where projecting portions are provided on the surface of the electret film.

FIG. 20 A sectional view of a fixed electrode section of an electrostatic power generator according to a modification of each of the first to sixth embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 21 A sectional view of a movable electrode section of an electrostatic power generator according to a modification of each of the first to sixth embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 22 A sectional view of a movable electrode section of an electrostatic power generator according to a modification of each of the first to sixth embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 23 A sectional view of a movable electrode section of an electrostatic power generator according to a modification of each of the first to sixth embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 24 A sectional view of a fixed electrode section of an electrostatic power generator according to a modification of each of the first to sixth embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 25 A sectional view of a fixed electrode section of an electrostatic power generator according to a modification of each of the first to sixth embodiments of the present invention.

BEST MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION

Embodiments of the present invention will be hereinafter described with reference to the drawings.

First Embodiment

A structure of an electrostatic power generator 1 according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4. In this embodiment, a case of applying the present invention to the electrostatic power generator 1 which is an example of an electrostatic acting device will be described.

In this electrostatic power generator 1 according to the first embodiment, a fixed electrode section 10 and a movable electrode section 20 are so arranged as to be opposed to each other, as shown in FIG. 1. The fixed electrode section 10 and the movable electrode section 20 are examples of the “second electrode section” and the “first electrode section” in the present invention respectively. The electrostatic power generator 1 comprises a bridge rectifier circuit 2 for rectifying generated power and a DC-DC converter 3 for converting the voltage of a direct current. A load 4 driven by the power generated by the electrostatic power generator 1 is connected to the DC-DC converter 3. The DC-DC converter 3 and the load 4 are grounded respectively.

According to the first embodiment, an electret film 12 of fluororesin typified by polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or a silicon oxide film having a thickness of about 0.1 μm to about 100 μm is formed on a surface of a fixed substrate 11 made of Al having a thickness of about 50 nm to about 1000 nm, as shown in FIG. 1. The fixed substrate 11 is an example of the “second substrate” in the present invention. A conductive layer 13 having a thickness of about 50 nm to about 1000 nm is formed on an upper surface of the electret film 12. The conductive layer 13 is an example of the “first conductive layer” in the present invention. According to the first embodiment, a surface, on which the conductive layer 13 is formed, of the electret film 12 is convexed. According to the first embodiment, the conductive layer 13 is grounded. The conductive layer 13 is interdigitally formed as shown in FIG. 2, and a width W1 of each tooth portion and an interval W2 between the teeth are about 1 mm respectively. According to the first embodiment, a convex portion of the surface of the electret film 12 and the conductive layer 13 are formed in the same interdigital shape in plan view.

The convex portions (projecting portions 121) of the surface of the electret film 12 and the conductive layer 13 may be so formed in substantially the same shape in plan view that the concave portions (recess portions 122) of the surface of the electret film 12 and the conductive layer 13 can be separated from each other. For example, the projecting portions 121 are formed to be larger when the projecting portions 121 of the electret film 12 and the conductive layer 13 are viewed in a planar manner as in a case where the projecting portions 121 and the conductive layer 13 are so formed as to enlarge in a tapered shape from an upper surface of the conductive layer 13 toward the substrate 11. The convex portions (projecting portions 121) of the surface of the electret film 12 and the conductive layer 13 may be oblongly formed. The recess portions 122 of the surface of the electret film 12 are controlled to a potential of about −20 V to about −2000 V by negative charges injected into an overall surface by corona discharge and entirely distributed therein.

As shown in FIG. 1, a movable electrode 22 made of Al having a thickness of about 50 nm to about 1000 nm is formed on a lower surface of a movable substrate 21 made of insulating glass having thickness of about 300 μm to about 1000 μm. The movable substrate 21 is an example of the “first substrate” in the present invention. The movable electrode 22 is interdigitally formed as shown in FIG. 3, and a width W3 of each tooth portion and an interval W4 between the teeth are about 1 mm respectively. This movable electrode 22 is an example of the “first electrode” in the present invention, and the tooth portions forming the interdigital movable electrode 22 are examples of the “first electrode portion” in the present invention. According to the first embodiment, the fixed substrate 11 and the movable electrode 22 are connected to each other through the bridge rectifier circuit 2.

As shown in FIG. 1, the conductive layer 13 and the movable electrode 22 are arranged so as not to be opposed to each other in a state where vibration is not applied to the electrostatic power generator 1.

In the first embodiment, solid lines a shown in FIG. 4 denote a surface potential of the fixed electrode section 10 in viewing the fixed electrode section 10 from a side of the movable electrode 22, the axis of abscissa denotes regions (regions where the electret film 12 is exposed and regions where the conductive layer 13 is formed) of the surface of the fixed electrode section 10 and the axis of ordinate denotes surface potentials of the respective regions.

As shown in FIG. 4, the regions where the electret film 12 is exposed and the regions where the conductive layer 13 is formed alternately exist on the surface of the fixed electrode section 10, and the surface potential of the regions where the electret film 12 is exposed are higher in the regions where the electret film 12 is exposed and the regions where the conductive layer 13 is formed. According to the first embodiment shown by the solid lines a in FIG. 4, change of a potential of a boundary between each region where the electret film 12 is exposed and each region where the conductive layer 13 is formed is steep. Dotted lines b shown in FIG. 4 schematically show a case where regions of the electret film 12 corresponding to the conductive layer 13 are formed so as not to be made as an electret as comparative example 1, so that a film only locally made as an electret is prepared and potentials of surfaces are measured, in place of employing the conductive layer 13 of the first embodiment. In this film locally made as the electret according to comparative example 1, charges stored in the regions made as the electrets flow out to non-electret regions not made as the electrets, so that change of a potential of a boundary between each region made as the electret and each non-electret region is gentle as compared with the change of the potential of the first embodiment shown by the solid lines a, as shown in FIG. 4.

The power generating operation of the electrostatic power generator 1 according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be now described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 5.

When no vibration is applied to the electrostatic power generator 1, the surface of the electret film 12 and the movable electrode 22 are arranged to be opposed to each other at a prescribed interval, as shown in FIG. 1. The surface of the electret film 12 is controlled to the negative potential (about −20 V to about −2000 V), and hence positive charges are induced in the movable electrode 22 by electrostatic induction.

As shown in FIG. 5, horizontal vibration (along arrow X) is applied to the electrostatic power generator 1 and the movable electrode 22 moves along arrow X, so that the movable electrode 22 moves to a position opposed to the conductive layer 13. Thus, the potential opposed to the movable electrode 22 changes from the potential (about −20 V to about −2000 V) of the electret film 12 to the potential (ground potential) of the conductive layer 13, to change the quantity of the charges electrostatically induced in the movable electrode 22. This change in the quantity of the charges forms a current, which in turn is output to the load 4 through the bridge rectifier circuit 2 and the DC-DC converter 3. The movable electrode section 20 repeats a state shown in FIG. 1, a state shown in FIG. 5 and a state (not shown) where the movable electrode section 20 moves in a direction opposite to a direction along arrow X by vibration, thereby continuously generating power.

According to the first embodiment, as hereinabove described, the interdigital conductive layer 13 is formed on the surface of the electret film 12 capable of storing charges, whereby the conductive layer 13 formed on the surface of the electret film 12 has a function of blocking an electric field resulting from charges stored in the electret film 12, and hence in the surface, opposed to the movable electrode section 20, of the fixed electrode section 10, an electric field of the regions where the conductive layer 13 is formed is small while an electric field of the regions where the electret film 12 is exposed is large. Thus, the regions having the large electric field and the regions having the small electric field can be formed on the surface of the fixed electrode section 10 without working the electret film 12 in an interdigital shape, for example, and hence charges flowing out of ends of the electret film 12 can be reduced as compared with the case of working (patterning) the electret film 12. Consequently, the quantity of power generation can be inhibited from reduction. It has already been confirmed by an experiment, described later, by the inventors that the stored charges are reduced by working the electret film 12.

According to the first embodiment, when charges are entirely distributed on the surface of the electret film 12, charges flow out of the regions made as the electrets to the regions not made as the electrets as in the film locally made as the electret, whereby difference between the potential of each region made as the electret and the potential of each region not made as the electret is not reduced. Thus, the changed quantity of charges induced in the movable electrode 22 opposed to the electret film 12 can be inhibited from reduction and hence the quantity of power generation can be inhibited from reduction.

According to the first embodiment, as hereinabove described, the region on the surface, on which the conductive layer 13 is formed, of the electret film 12 is convexed, whereby the recess portions 122 of the surface of the electret film 12 storing charges and the conductive layer 13 are separated, and hence charges stored in the electret film 12 can be inhibited from flowing out to the conductive layer 13. Thus, the quantity of power generation can be inhibited from reduction.

According to the first embodiment, as hereinabove described, the convex portions (projecting portions 121) of the electret film 12 and the conductive layer 13 are formed in the same shape in plan view, whereby the projecting portions 121 and the conductive layer 13 can be easily simultaneously worked.

According to the first embodiment, as hereinabove described, the conductive layer 13 is grounded, whereby the potential of the conductive layer 13 is fixed, and hence an intensity of the electric field formed on the surface of the electret film 12 can be stabilized.

According to the first embodiment, as hereinabove described, the fixed substrate 11 is conductive, whereby electrostatic induction between the movable electrode 22 and the fixed substrate 11 can be easily caused by connecting the movable electrode 22 and the fixed substrate 11.

According to the first embodiment, as hereinabove described, the movable electrode 22 and the fixed substrate 11 are connected to each other through the bridge rectifier circuit 2, whereby the changed quantity of charges stored in the movable electrode 22 can be easily extracted as a current by the bridge rectifier circuit 2.

Second Embodiment

In this second embodiment, an electrostatic power generator 1 a in which a conductive layer 13 is controlled to a prescribed positive potential in place of grounding the conductive layer 13 will be described with reference to FIG. 6, dissimilarly to the aforementioned first embodiment.

In this electrostatic power generator 1 a according to the second embodiment, the conductive layer 13 is controlled to a potential (about 1 V to about 10 V) reverse in code to a potential (about −20 V to about −2000 V) of the electret film 12 by applying a voltage 14 of about 1 V to about 10 V to the conductive layer 13, in a fixed electrode section 10 a, as shown in FIG. 6. The fixed electrode section 10 a is an example of the “second electrode section” in the present invention. The remaining structure of this second embodiment is similar to that of the aforementioned first embodiment.

According to the second embodiment, as hereinabove described, the conductive layer 13 is controlled to the potential reverse in code to the potential of the electret film 12, whereby difference between the potential (about −20 V to about −2000 V) of the surface of the electret film 12 and the potential of the conductive layer 13 is increased as compared with a case of grounding the conductive layer 13, and hence the changed quantity of the charges induced in the movable electrode 22 by electrostatic induction is increased as compared with the case of grounding the conductive layer 13. Thus, the quantity of power generation can be increased.

The remaining effects of the second embodiment are similar to those of the aforementioned first embodiment.

Third Embodiment

In this third embodiment, an electrostatic power generator 1 b in which a width W5 of a conductive layer 13 a is larger than an interval W6 between a movable electrode 22 will be described with reference to FIG. 7, dissimilarly to the aforementioned first embodiment.

In other words, in this electrostatic power generator 1 b according to the third embodiment, the width W5 (about 1.1 mm) of tooth portions forming the interdigital conductive layer 13 a is formed to be larger than the interval W6 (about 0.9 mm) between teeth forming the interdigital movable electrode 22 in a fixed electrode section 10 b, as shown in FIG. 7. The fixed electrode section 10 b is an example of the “second electrode section” in the present invention. The conductive layer 13 a is an example of the “first conductive layer” in the present invention.

The remaining structure of this third embodiment is similar to that of the aforementioned first embodiment.

According to the third embodiment, as hereinabove described, the width W5 of the tooth portions forming the interdigital conductive layer 13 a is formed to be larger than the interval W6 between the teeth forming the interdigital movable electrode 22, whereby the conductive layer 13 a formed on the electret film 12 a is inhibited from penetrating between the adjacent movable electrode 22, and hence the movable electrode 22 and the electret film 12 a can be inhibited from sticking to each other. Thus, charges induced in the movable electrode 22 can be inhibited from reduction due to contact between the movable electrode 22 and the electret film 12 a. According to the aforementioned structure, the electret film 12 a can be inhibited from breakage due to the contact between the movable electrode 22 and the electret film 12 a.

The remaining effects of the third embodiment are similar to those of the aforementioned first embodiment.

Fourth Embodiment

In this fourth embodiment, an electrostatic power generator 1 c in which a thickness t1 of concave portions of an electret film 12 and a surface of a conductive layer 13 b on a side of a movable electrode 22 is larger than a thickness t2 of the movable electrode 22 will be described with reference to FIG. 8, dissimilarly to the aforementioned first embodiment.

In other words, in this electrostatic power generator 1 c according to the fourth embodiment, the thickness t1 of the concave portions of the electret film 12 and the surface of the conductive layer 13 b on the side of the movable electrode 22 formed on the electret film 12 is formed to be larger than the thickness t2 of the movable electrode 22 formed on a lower surface of a movable substrate 21 in a fixed electrode section 10 c, as shown in FIG. 8. The fixed electrode section 10 c is an example of the “second electrode section” in the present invention. The thickness of the conductive layer 13 b may be formed to be larger than the thickness t2 of the movable electrode 22 formed on the lower surface of the electrode substrate 21. The remaining structure of this fourth embodiment is similar to that of the aforementioned first embodiment.

According to the fourth embodiment, as hereinabove described, the thickness t1 of the concave portions of the electret film 12 and the surface of the conductive layer 13 b on the side of the movable electrode 22 is formed to be larger than the thickness t2 of the movable electrode 22 formed on the lower surface of the movable substrate 21, whereby the convex portions of the electret film 12 and the conductive layer 13 b function as a spacer, and hence the movable electrode 22 and the electret film 12 can be inhibited from sticking to each other. Thus, charges induced in the movable electrode 22 can be inhibited from reduction due to contact between the movable electrode 22 and the electret film 12. According to the aforementioned structure, the electret film 12 can be inhibited from breakage due to the contact between the movable electrode 22 and the electret film 12. Further, the thickness of the conductive layer 13 b is formed to be larger than the thickness t2 of the movable electrode 22 formed on the lower surface of the movable substrate 21, whereby the movable electrode 22 and the electret film 12 can be inhibited from sticking to each other.

The remaining effects of the fourth embodiment are similar to those of the aforementioned first embodiment.

Fifth Embodiment

In this fifth embodiment, an electrostatic power generator 1 d in which two interdigital movable electrodes 22 a and 22 b are formed on a lower surface of a movable substrate 21 will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10 dissimilarly to the aforementioned first embodiment.

In the electrostatic power generator 1 d according to the fifth embodiment, the interdigital movable electrodes 22 a and 22 b are opposed to each other on the lower surface of the movable substrate 21 in a movable electrode section 20 a and so arranged that teeth forming the respective electrodes are alternately interlocked with each other, as shown in FIG. 10. The movable electrode section 20 a is an example of the “first electrode section” in the present invention. The movable electrodes 22 a and 22 b are examples of the “first electrode” in the present invention. The movable electrode 22 a and the movable electrode 22 b are arranged at an interval of about 30 μm. As shown in FIG. 9, the movable electrode 22 a and the movable electrode 22 b are connected to separate bridge rectifier circuits 2 a and 2 b respectively. The bridge rectifier circuit 2 a and the bridge rectifier circuit 2 b are connected to separate DC-DC converters 3 a and 3 b respectively. The DC-DC converter 3 a and the DC-DC converter 3 b are connected to a common load 4 driven by power generated by the electrostatic power generator 1 d. The remaining structure of this fifth embodiment is similar to that of the aforementioned first embodiment.

According to the fifth embodiment, as hereinabove described, two electrodes of the interdigital movable electrodes 22 a and 22 b are formed on the lower surface of the movable substrate 21, whereby charges are induced in the movable electrode 22 a opposed to an electret film 12 by electrostatic induction resulting from charges stored in the electret film 12, and change of charges induced when opposed to the electret film 12 and charges induced when opposed to the conductive layer 13 can be outputted as a current from the movable electrode 22 b opposed to the conductive layer 13, and hence induction of charges by electrostatic induction and output of a current can be simultaneously performed by single vibration. Consequently, the quantity of power generation can be more increased as compared with a case of the aforementioned first embodiment where the single movable electrode 22 is formed on the movable substrate 21. An interval W7 between the teeth forming the interdigital movable electrodes 22 a and 22 b is formed to be larger than a width W1 of teeth portions forming the interdigital conductive layer 13, whereby the conductive layer 13 formed on the electret film 12 is inhibited from penetrating between the movable electrode 22 a and the movable electrode 22 b which are adjacent to each other, and hence the movable electrodes 22 a and 22 b and the electret film 12 can be inhibited from sticking to each other. Thus, charges induced in the movable electrode 22 a and the movable electrode 22 b can be inhibited from reduction due to contact between the movable electrodes 22 a and 22 b and the electret film 12. According to the aforementioned structure, the electret film 12 can be inhibited from breakage due to the contact between the movable electrodes 22 a and 22 b and the electret film 12.

The remaining effects of the fifth embodiment are similar to those of the aforementioned first embodiment.

Sixth Embodiment

FIG. 11 is a sectional view of a fixed electrode section of an electrostatic power generator according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. In this sixth embodiment, a fixed electrode section 30 of the electrostatic power generator, in which an electret film is formed by stacking films made of SiO₂, will be described with reference to FIG. 11 dissimilarly to the aforementioned first embodiment.

In this fixed electrode section 30 of the electrostatic power generator according to the sixth embodiment, an electret film 32 made of SiO₂ having projecting portions 32 a is formed, by plasma CVD, on a surface of an electret film 31 made of SiO₂ formed by thermal oxidation, as shown in FIG. 11. The fixed electrode section 30 is an example of the “second electrode section” in the present invention. The electret film 31 and the electret film 32 are examples of the “first electret film” and the “second electret film” in the present invention respectively. A conductive layer 33 is formed on a surface of the electret film 32 (projecting portions 32 a). The conductive layer 33 is an example of the “first conductive layer” in the present invention. According to the sixth embodiment, a charge outflow inhibition film 34 made of an MSQ (methyl silsesquioxane) film having a thickness of about 10 nm to about 1000 nm is formed on a surface on which the conductive layer 33 is not formed on the surface of the electret film 32, side surfaces of the conductive layer 33 and an upper surface of the conductive layer 33. The charge outflow inhibition film 34 is an example of the “first insulating film” in the present invention. The projecting portions 32 a of the electret film 32 is formed by etching the surface of the electret film 32 so as to have irregularities when the conductive layer 33 is formed by etching. The projecting portions 32 a have a thickness t3 of about 1 nm to about 5000 nm. The projecting portions 32 a have a function as an insulating film insulating the electret films 31 and 32 and the conductive layer 33 from each other.

According to the sixth embodiment, as hereinabove described, the electret film 31 formed by thermal oxidation and the electret film 32 formed by plasma CVD are stacked with each other, whereby the electret film 31 made of SiO₂ formed by thermal oxidation can harness characteristics of excellent quality as an electret film as compared with the electret film 32 made of SiO₂ formed by plasma CVD, and film formation can be quickly performed by forming insulating portions (projecting portions 32 a) by plasma CVD.

According to the sixth embodiment, as hereinabove described, the charge outflow inhibition film 34 is formed on the surface, opposed to the movable electrode 22, of the electret film 32 and the side surfaces of the projecting portions 32 a, whereby charges can be inhibited from flowing out of the surface of the electret film 32.

Experiment 1

An experiment 1 conducted for comparing a surface potential of the electret film in a case where the conductive layer was formed on the surface of the electret film with a surface potential of the electret film in a case where the electret film was interdigitally worked will be now described with reference to FIGS. 12 to 16. In this experiment 1, an electret film 42 made of a silicon oxide film, having a thickness of 1 μm was formed on a silicon substrate 41 and interdigitally worked, and corona discharge of 10000 V was thereafter applied to the electret film 42 to prepare a sample (comparative example 2), as shown in FIG. 12. As shown in FIG. 13, an electret film 52 having a thickness of 1 μm was formed on a silicon substrate 51 and corona discharge of 10000 V was applied to the electret film 52, and thereafter a conductive layer 53 having a thickness of 0.3 μm was interdigitally formed, to prepare a sample corresponding to the first embodiment. The conductive layer 53 is interdigitally formed in plan view, and a region formed with the conductive layer 53 on the surface of the electret film 52 is convexed (to have projecting portions 521). A charge outflow inhibition film 54 made of MSQ is formed on surfaces of the electret film 52 and the conductive layer 53. Two types of samples having thicknesses t4 of the projecting portions 521 of 0 μm (no projecting portions) and 1.4 μm respectively were prepared. In this experiment, surface potentials of the electret film 42 and the electret film 52 were measured when a width W8 forming tooth portions forming the interdigital electret film 42 and a width W8 of tooth portions forming the interdigital conductive layer 53 were changed. In the samples corresponding to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 13, the conductive layers 53 were grounded once and the potentials of the surfaces of the electret films 52 were thereafter measured.

FIG. 14 shows the measurement results of the surface potentials of the electret films 42 and 52 of the samples shown in FIGS. 12 and 13. The axis of ordinate denotes absolute values of the surface potentials of the electret films 42 and 52. The axis of abscissa denotes the width (electrode width) W8 of the tooth portions forming the interdigitally electret film 42 and the width W8 of the tooth portions forming the interdigital conductive layer 53. As shown in FIG. 14, it has been proved that, in a case where the electrode width W8 of the conductive layer 53 is 0.1 mm and a case where the electrode width W8 thereof is 1 mm, the surface potential in the case where the electrode width W8 is 1 mm is higher in any sample. It has been proved that the surface potential of comparative example 2 where the electret film 42 is interdigitally patterned is smaller than the surface potentials of the samples shown in FIG. 13 where the electret films 52 are not patterned. This is conceivably because an area of end surfaces of the interdigitally worked electret film 42 is larger than an area of end surfaces of each electret film 52 and hence the surface potential is reduced due to flow out of the charges from these end surfaces. Thus, it has been confirmed that the surface potential in the case where the electret film is patterned is reduced as compared with a case where the electret film is not patterned.

In the case where the thickness t4 of the projecting portion 521 of the electret film 52 is 0 μm (no projecting portion) and the case where the thickness t4 of the projecting portion 521 of the electret film 52 is 1.4 μm, as shown in FIG. 13, it has been proved that the surface potential in the case where the thickness t4 is 0 μm (no projecting portion) is higher in any electrode width. This is conceivably because charges are more effectively injected in the electret film 52 formed in a shape where no projecting portion is provided, when injecting charges in the electret film 52 by corona discharge, and hence the surface potential is increased. However, as described later, it has been confirmed that the surface potential in the case of providing the projecting portions becomes higher when prescribed time has passed from corona discharge.

FIG. 15 shows changes in the surface potentials of the samples shown in FIG. 13 with time. The axis of ordinate denotes absolute values of the surface potentials of the electret films 52. The axis of abscissa denotes time (days). As shown in FIG. 15, it has been proved that the surface potentials are reduced as time passes in any case where the thickness t4 of the projecting portions 521 is 0 μm (no projecting portion) and 1.4 μm. In the case where the thickness t4 of the projecting portions 521 is 0 μm (no projecting portion), the surface potential is greatly reduced on first to second days, but gradually reduced after the second day. In the case where the thickness t4 of the projecting portions 521 is 1.4 μm, the surface potential is gradually reduced. On the first day, it has been proved that the surface potential in the case where the thickness t4 of the projecting portions 521 is 0 μm (no projecting portion) is higher than the surface potential in the case where the thickness t4 of the projecting portions 521 is 1.4 μm. After the second day, on the other hand, it has been proved that the surface potential in the case where the thickness t4 of the projecting portions 521 is 1.4 μm is higher. Thus, it has been confirmed that the projecting portions 521 of the electret film 52 inhibit charges from flowing out of the surface of the electret film 52 to the conductive layer 53 after the second day from corona discharge.

FIG. 16 shows changes of the surface potentials of the samples shown in FIG. 13 with time. The axis of ordinate denotes changes of the surface potentials of the electret films 52 in a case where the quantity of charges is 1 in injecting charges into the electret films 52. The axis of abscissa denotes time (days). As shown in FIG. 16, it has been proved that the changed quantity of the surface potential in the case where the thickness t4 of the projecting portions 521 is 0 μm (no projecting portion) is smaller than that in the case where the thickness t4 is 1.4 μm. Thus, it has been confirmed that outflow of charges from the electret film 52 can be further suppressed in the case where the projecting portions 521 are provided.

Experiment 2

An experiment 2 conducted for comparing surface potentials of electret films 61 a and 61 b in cases where projecting portions 611 b and 611 c are provided between conductive layers 62 and electret films 61 b and 61 c with a surface potential of an electret film 61 c in a case where no projecting portion is provided will be now described with reference to FIGS. 17 to 19. In this experiment 2, three samples were prepared. In a sample 1, the conductive layer 62 is formed on a surface of the electret film 61 a and a charge outflow inhibition film 63 was formed on a surface on which the conductive layer 62 was not formed on a surface of the electret film 61 a, side surfaces of the conductive layer 62 and an upper surface of the conductive layer 62, as shown in FIG. 17. In a sample 2, the conductive layer 62 is formed on a surface of the electret film 61 b and projecting portions 611 b of the surface of the electret film 61 b are formed by partially etching the surface of the electret film 61 b when forming the conductive layer 62 by etching, as shown in FIG. 18. Each projecting portion 611 b has a thickness t5 of 1 μm and has a function as an insulating portion. A charge outflow inhibition film 63 was formed on a surface not formed with the conductive layer 62 on the surface of the electret film 61 b, side surfaces of the conductive layer 62 and an upper surface of the conductive layer 62. In a sample 3, projecting portions 611 b having the thickness t5 of 1 μm in the sample 2 are placed with projecting portions 611 c having a thickness t6 of 2 μm, as shown in FIG. 19.

Corona discharge of 10000 V is applied to the samples 1 to 3, thereby making the electret films 61 a to 61 c as an electret. Thereafter, the conductive layers 62 are grounded. The following Table 1 shows comparison of surface potentials of the electret films 61 a to 61 c before and after grounding the conductive layers 62.

TABLE 1 Sample Sample Sample 1 2 3 Rate of Change About About About (after grounding/before 61.1% 94.1% 99.3% grounding × 100)

The above Table 1 shows the rates of change of the electret films 61 a to 61 c before and after grounding the conductive layers 62 by percentage (a surface potential after grounding/a surface potential before grounding×100). In the sample 1, it has been confirmed that the rate of change before and after grounding is about 61.1% and the surface potential of the electret film 61 a before and after grounding the conductive layer 62 is reduced by about 40%, as shown in Table 1. In the sample 2, it has been confirmed that the rate of change before and after grounding is about 94.1%, and the surface potential of the electret film 61 b before and after grounding the conductive layer 62 is reduced by about 6%. In the sample 3, it has been confirmed that the rate of change before and after grounding is about 99.3% and the surface potential of the electret film 61 c before and after grounding the conductive layer 62 is reduced by about 0.7%. Consequently, it has been confirmed that the surface potentials of the electret films 61 b and 61 c are inhibited from reduction after grounding the conductive layer 62, in the cases where the projecting portions 611 b and 611 c are provided between the conductive layers 62 and the electret films 61 b and 61 c. It has been confirmed that the effects of suppressing reduction in the surface potential are larger as the thickness of the projecting portions is larger. In a case where the grounded conductive layer 62 is utilized as an electrode of a power generator, the reduced quantity of the surface potential of the electret film is reduced as the thickness of the projecting portions of the conductive layer 62 is larger, and hence the surface potential of the electret film can be held constant for a long period. Thus, the life of the power generator can be increased.

The embodiments disclosed this time are to be considered as illustrative in all points and not restrictive. The range of the present invention is shown not by the above description of the embodiments but by the scope of claim for patent, and all modifications within the meaning and range equivalent to the scope of claim for patent are included.

For example, while the example of forming the conductive layer 13 on the upper surface of the projecting portions 121 of the electret film 12 is shown in the aforementioned first embodiment, the present invention is not restricted to this but an insulating film 15 may be formed between the projecting portions 121 of the electret film 12 and the conductive layer 13 as in a modification shown in FIG. 20. The insulating film 15 is an example of the “third insulating film” in the present invention. Thus, the recess portions 122 of the electret film 12 storing charges causing electrostatic induction in the movable electrode 22 by being opposed to the movable electrode 22 and the conductive layer 13 are separated from each other by the projecting portions 121 of the electret film 12 and the insulating film 15, and hence charges can be inhibited from flowing out of the recess portions 122 of the electret film 12 to the conductive layer 13.

While the example of forming the movable electrode 22 on the lower surface of the movable substrate 21 is shown in each of the aforementioned first to sixth embodiments, the present invention is not restricted to this but a movable electrode 22 c may be formed to be embedded in a lower surface of a movable substrate 21 a as in a modification shown in FIG. 21. The movable electrode 21 a and the movable electrode 22 c are examples of the “first substrate” and the “first electrode” in the present invention respectively. Thus, the conductive layer 13 formed on the electret film 12 can be inhibited from penetrating the adjacent movable electrode 22 c, and hence the movable electrode 22 c and the electret film 12 can be inhibited from sticking to each other. Consequently, charges induced in the movable electrode 22 c can be inhibited from reduction due to contact between the movable electrode 22 c and the electret film 12. According to the aforementioned structure, the electret film 12 can be inhibited from breakage due to contact between the movable electrode 22 c and the electret film 12.

While the example of forming the movable electrode 22 on the lower surface of the movable substrate 21 is shown in each of the aforementioned first to sixth embodiments, the present invention is not restricted to this but an insulating film 23 may be provided on a lower surface of a movable substrate 21 and a movable electrode 22 may be formed on the lower surface of the insulating film 23 as in a modification shown in FIG. 22. The insulating film 23 is an example of the “second insulating film” in the present invention. Thus, the movable electrode 22 and the movable substrate 21 are not rendered conductive, and hence a conductive substrate made of silicon, a metal plate or the like can be employed as the movable substrate 21.

While the example of forming the movable electrode 22 on the lower surface of the movable substrate 21 is shown in each of the aforementioned first to sixth embodiments, the present invention is not restricted to this but an insulating film 23 a may be interposed between a movable substrate 21 and a movable electrode 22 as in a modification shown in FIG. 23. The insulating film 23 a is an example of the “second insulating film” in the present invention. Thus, the movable substrate 21 and the movable electrode 22 are not rendered conductive, and hence silicon or a metal plate can be employed for the movable substrate 21.

While the example where the fixed electrode section 10 includes the fixed substrate 11, the electret film 12, the conductive layer 13 is shown in each of the aforementioned first to sixth embodiments, the present invention is not restricted to this but a conductive layer 16 may be formed on a surface of a fixed substrate 70 made of glass and an electret film 12 may be thereafter formed on a surface of the conductive layer 16, and a conductive layer 13 may be formed on a surface of the electret film 12, as in a modification shown in FIG. 24. The fixed substrate 70 is an example of the “third substrate” in the present invention. The conductive layer 16 is an example of the “second conductive layer” in the present invention. The conductive layer 16 is connected to the movable electrode 22 through the bridge rectifier circuit 2 shown in FIG. 1. Thus, electrostatic induction can occur between the conductive layer 16 and the movable electrode 22.

While the example of forming the conductive layer 16 on the overall surface of the fixed substrate 70 made of glass is shown in the modification of each of the aforementioned first to sixth embodiments shown in FIG. 24, the present invention is not restricted to this but a conductive layer 16 a may be formed on a surface of a fixed substrate 70 made of glass opposed to recess portions of an electret 12 a in a sectional manner, and the electret film 12 b may be formed on surfaces of the fixed substrate 70 and the conductive layer 16 a, as in a modification shown in FIG. 25. The conductive layer 16 a is an example of the “second conductive layer” in the present invention.

While the example of employing the movable electrode 22, the conductive layer 13 and the fixed substrate 11 made of Al is shown in each of the aforementioned first to sixth embodiments, the present invention is not restricted to this but a movable electrode 22, a conductive layer 13 and a fixed substrate 11 made of silicon, doped silicon, SiC and a metal may be employed. Ti, Cu, Ni and W can be employed as a metal.

While the example of employing the movable substrate 21 made of glass is shown in each of the aforementioned first to sixth embodiments, the present invention is not restricted to this but a movable substrate 21 made of silicon, quartz, plastic, fluororesin typified by polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), a metal plate and SiC may be employed. In a case where silicon and a metal plate are employed as the movable substrate 21, however, the insulating film 23 or the insulating film 23 a is required to be interposed between the movable substrate 21 and the movable electrode 22 as shown in FIGS. 22 and 23.

While the example of employing the fixed substrate 70 made of glass is shown in each of modifications shown in FIGS. 24 and 25, the present invention is not restricted to this but a fixed substrate 70 made of silicon, quartz, plastic, fluororesin typified by polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and a metal plate may be employed.

While the example of generating power by vibrating the movable electrode section 20 is shown in each of the aforementioned first to sixth embodiments, the present invention is not restricted to this but power may be generated by vibrating the fixed electrode section 10 without vibrating the movable electrode section 20, or power may be generated by vibrating both of the movable electrode section 20 and the fixed electrode section 10.

While the example where the width W5 of interdigital tooth portions forming the conductive layer 13 a is formed to be larger than the interval W6 between teeth forming the interdigital movable electrode 22 is shown in the aforementioned third embodiment, the present invention is not restricted to this but the width of the tooth portions forming the interdigital movable electrode 22 may be formed to be larger than the width between the teeth forming the interdigital conductive layer 13 a.

While the example of forming the changed charges induced in the movable electrode 22 by electrostatic induction as a current, and outputting the same to the load 4 through the bridge rectifier circuit 2 and the DC-DC converter 3 is shown in each of the aforementioned first to sixth embodiments, the present invention is not restricted to this but a current may be outputted to the load 4 through the bridge rectifier circuit 2 or outputted to the load 4 through the DC-DC converter 3.

While the example of grounding the conductive layer 14 or applying the prescribed voltage to the conductive layer 14 is shown in each of the aforementioned first to sixth embodiments, the present invention is not restricted to this but the conductive layer 14 may be in a floating state, that is, the conductive layer 14 is not grounded and the prescribed voltage is not applied to the conductive layer 14.

While the examples of employing the interdigital conductive layers 13 and 13 a and the interdigital movable electrodes 22, 22 a and 22 b are shown in the aforementioned first to sixth embodiments, the present invention is not restricted to this but other shape may be employed so far as the shape causes difference of the quantity of charges induced in the surface of the movable electrode by vibrating the movable electrode.

While the examples of employing the electret films 12, 12 a and 12 b made of fluororesin typified by polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or a silicon oxide film are shown in the aforementioned first to sixth embodiments, the present invention is not restricted to this but they may be made of other materials so far as the material functions as an electret.

While the case of applying the present invention to the electrostatic power generator which is an example of the electrostatic acting device is shown in each of the aforementioned first to sixth embodiments, the present invention is not restricted to this but the present invention may be applied to an electrostatic acting device such as an electrostatic actuator other than the electrostatic power generator. 

1. An electrostatic acting device comprising: a first electrode section (20, 20 a) including a first electrode (22, 22 a, 22 b, 22 c); and a second electrode section (10, 10 a, 10 b, 10 c, 30) provided to be opposed to said first electrode section at a prescribed distance and including an electret film (12, 12 a, 12 b) capable of storing charges and a first conductive layer (13, 13 a, 13 b, 33) formed on a prescribed region of an upper surface of said electret film, wherein a surface of said electret film on a region formed with said first conductive layer is convexed.
 2. The electrostatic acting device according to claim 1, wherein said first conductive layer and a convex portion of the surface of said electret film are formed in substantially the same shape in plan view.
 3. The electrostatic acting device according to claim 1, further comprising a first insulating film (34) formed on at least a surface, opposed to said first electrode, of said electret film, and inhibiting charges from flowing out of the surface of said electret film.
 4. The electrostatic acting device according to claim 3, wherein said first insulating film is formed also on side surfaces of said convex portion of said electret film.
 5. The electrostatic acting device according to claim 1, wherein said first electrode includes a plurality of first electrode portions provided at a first interval, and a width of said first conductive layer is larger than said first interval between adjacent said first electrode portions.
 6. The electrostatic acting device according to claim 1, wherein said first electrode section further includes a first substrate (21, 21 a) having a surface formed with said first electrode, and a height from a surface of a concave portion of said electret film to a surface of said first conductive layer on a side of said first electrode is larger than a thickness of said first electrode formed on said first substrate.
 7. The electrostatic acting device according to claim 1, wherein said first electrode section further includes a first substrate having a surface formed with said first electrode, and a thickness of said first conductive layer formed on said electret film is larger than a thickness of said first electrode formed on said first substrate.
 8. The electrostatic acting device according to claim 1, wherein said first electrode section further includes a first substrate having a surface formed with said first electrode, and a second insulating film (23, 23 a) is formed between said first substrate and said first electrode.
 9. The electrostatic acting device according to claim 8, wherein said second insulating film is so formed as to cover a surface of said first substrate.
 10. The electrostatic acting device according to claim 8, wherein said second insulating film has the same shape as said first electrode in plan view.
 11. The electrostatic acting device according to claim 1, wherein said first conductive layer is grounded.
 12. The electrostatic acting device according to claim 1, wherein a prescribed voltage is applied to said first conductive layer.
 13. The electrostatic acting device according to claim 1, wherein a third insulating film (15) is formed between a convex portion of the surface of said electret film and said first conductive layer.
 14. The electrostatic acting device according to claim 1, wherein said second electrode section includes a conductive second substrate (11) having a surface formed with said electret film.
 15. The electrostatic acting device according to claim 14, wherein said first electrode and said second substrate are connected to each other through a bridge rectifier circuit (2, 2 a, 2 b).
 16. The electrostatic acting device according to claim 1, wherein said electret film includes a first electret film (31) and a second electret film (32) formed on a surface of said first electret film.
 17. The electrostatic acting device according to claim 1, wherein said second electrode section includes: an insulating third substrate (70) having a surface formed with said electret film, and a second conductive layer (16, 16 a) formed between said third substrate and said electret film.
 18. The electrostatic acting device according to claim 17, wherein said second conductive layer is so formed as to cover a surface of said third substrate.
 19. The electrostatic acting device according to claim 17, wherein said second conductive layer has the same shape as said first conductive layer in plan view.
 20. The electrostatic acting device according to claim 17, wherein said first electrode and said second conductive layer are connected to each other through a bridge rectifier circuit.
 21. An electrostatic power generator comprising: a first electrode section including a first electrode; and a second electrode section provided to be opposed to said first electrode section at a prescribed distance and including an electret film capable of storing charges and a first conductive layer formed on a prescribed region of an upper surface of said electret film. 